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Discussing Health

Lung Abscess


A lung abscess is a bacterial infection in the lungs that causes pus to appear. The main symptom of a lung abscess is coughing up phlegm. Phlegm often contains blood or pus and has an unpleasant odor.

Lung abscess is treated with antibiotics. The patient must take antibiotics for several weeks until the infection subsides. Patients who receive good care have a high cure rate. On the contrary, if not handled properly, this disease can cause complications and even death.

Causes of lung abscess

The main cause of a lung abscess is the development of infection in the lung tissue due to fluids or food containing bacteria directly in the lungs. This accident occurs when a person is unconscious due to the influence of alcohol or drugs, especially sedatives.

Apart from the presence of foreign fluid that enters the lungs, lung abscess can be a complication of other diseases, both inside and outside the lungs, namely:


  • Blockage of the airways in the lungs due to a tumor or enlarged glands in the lungs.
  • Bronchiectasis, which is stretching, thickening, and damage to the respiratory tissue before the lungs (airways).
  • Cystic fibrosis, which is a respiratory disease that causes thickened mucus or phlegm. This thick mucus will prevent the flow of breath to or from the lungs, which can lead to infection formation
  • Peritonitis, which is an infection of the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneum).
  • Endocarditis, which is an infection of the inner wall of the heart.

Lung abscess risk factors

Alcoholics are the group of people most likely to develop a lung abscess, due to a lack of awareness and frequent vomiting. This condition causes fluid from the stomach or outside that contains bacteria more easily enter the lungs and cause infection and abscesses. Alcoholics also have weaker immune systems, which facilitate infection. Alcoholics who have or have recently had pneumonia are at increased risk of developing a lung abscess. Apart from alcoholism, there are several factors that can increase the risk of lung abscesses, namely:


  • Weak immune systems, such as people with cancer and HIV, and the use of drugs that reduce the body's resistance.
  • Prolonged loss of consciousness.
  • Drug or sedative exposure.

Symptoms of a lung abscess

The main symptom of a lung abscess is coughing. Cough that occurs with phlegm that contains blood or pus. In addition, other symptoms that can appear in an infected person are:


  • Source
  • hard to breath
  • Weight loss
  • He stopped
  • High temperature
  • Bad breath
  • Sweating (especially at night)

Pulmonary abscess diagnosis


A doctor will suspect a patient with a lung abscess if the symptoms are confirmed by a physical examination. To confirm the diagnosis, a complete examination is necessary, one of which is a sputum examination. The sputum sample will be examined in the laboratory for infection and the type of bacteria causing the infection.

In addition to sputum examination, the doctor can also ask the patient to undergo supporting examinations in the form of:


  • X-rays. The patient's chest is examined using an X-ray which will provide visual information if there is an abscess in the lung.
  • CT scan. CT scans provide better visual results than X-rays, which make it easier to identify a lung abscess.
  • USG (USG). The doctor will check for abscesses in the lungs with an ultrasound.
  • Bronchoscopy. A pulmonologist will examine the inside of the lungs with the help of a special tube equipped with a camera on the end. Apart from a visual examination of the condition of the lungs, bronchoscopy can also be performed to collect lung tissue samples.

Lung abscess treatment

The main treatment for lung abscess is antibiotics. The doctor will prescribe antibiotics according to the results of the bacterial sensitivity test so that the drugs given are in accordance with the type of bacteria, so that they are effective. There are several types of antibiotics that can be given to people with lung abscesses, namely:


  • Penicillin
  • Clindamycin
  • Piperacillin
  • Amoxicillin clavulanate
  • Metronidazole
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Vancomycin
  • Amikacin
  • Meropenem
  • Levofloxacin

The length of antibiotic treatment a patient will undergo varies, depending on the severity of the abscess. Treatment for lung abscess is very long, and can last from 3 weeks to 6 months. In patients with secondary lung abscesses, hospitalization is usually recommended to help treat the disease that caused the abscess.

In some cases, the patient may undergo surgery to remove the abscess. The surgeon inserts a tube into the lung, and the pus in the abscess is sucked out. Then the lung tissue that has been damaged by the abscess is removed.

To help the abscess heal, the patient must stop drinking alcohol and not smoke. Patients are also advised to drink more water.

Complications of lung abscess

Complications most often occur in cases of lung abscess due to rupture of the abscess. Few of them:


  • Bronchial fistula. This condition can occur if a lung abscess bursts and causes leakage. As a result, air can flow from inside the lungs to outside the lungs. These complications can be treated with surgery.
  • Lung bleeding. A rupture of a lung abscess can follow a rupture of a blood vessel in an organ. This condition can lead to the patient losing blood due to bleeding. If the bleeding is severe enough, it could put the patient's life at risk due to blood loss.
  • The infection spreads. A rupture of an abscess causes bacteria from the site of the infection to spread to other parts of the body.

Mesothelioma Treatment

Mesothelioma Treatment

Mesothelioma is a rare and launched cancer. Treatment is done to control or reduce the symptoms experienced and extend the patient's chances of survival. Treatment measures are generally determined based on several factors, namely:


  • Age and overall health condition of the patient.
  • Mesothelioma types and locations.
  • Stage or spread of cancer cells in the body.
  • Mesothelioma Sizes

Based on consideration above, there are several treatment steps that doctor can recommend:


  • Chemotherapy, treatment therapy with anticancer drugs to destroy or inhibit the growth of cancer cells that can not be eliminated by surgery. Chemotherapy can be done before or after surgery to shrink the tumor, making it easier to eliminate and reduce the risk of back cancer.
  • Radiation therapy (radiotherapy), X-ray therapy and proton rays are focused on certain areas of the body. Radiotherapy is usually done after a patient has undergone surgical procedures, to eliminate the remaining cancer cells. Treatment therapy is also done to reduce the symptoms of advanced cancer if surgery is not possible.
  • Operating. Surgery is done while mesothelioma is still in its early stages. There are several options doctor actions can take during the operation. Among others are:


  1. Removal of cancer cells as much as possible from the patient's body. This action can support the treatment of patients with radiotherapy to relieve pain and prevent cancer from growing.
  2. Inhale liquids due to fluid buildup in the chest area that can interfere with breathing. It is done by inserting a catheter tube into the chest to inhale the liquid. The doctor may also inject the drug to seal the pleural cavity so that the fluid is no longer accumulating. This action is known as Pleurodesis
  3. Removal of tissues around the abdominal cavity, ribs, or lungs affected by cancer of the cell.
  4. Removal of the affected part of the lung organs and surrounding tissues. This procedure is usually followed by radiotherapy.


  • Therapeutic multimodalities. This therapy is a combination of three or more steps of treatment, such as surgery, post-operative chemotherapy and radiation therapy to improve the success rate of treatment.
  • Research stage. The doctor will inform the patient about the treatment method which is still in research phase. However, the possibility to recover the patient is not known with certainty, so it needs to be considered carefully. On the other hand, this method of treatment can increase the likelihood for a doctor to learn more about the treatment of mesothelioma. There are several methods of treatment that are still in the stage of research that can be done by patients, namely:


  1. Biological therapy – Using one's immune system to combat cancer, also known as immunotherapy.
  2. Gene therapy – gene changes are found in cancer cells to stop the disease.
  3. Targeted therapy-using the drug to attack disorders/disorders occurring in cancer cells.


  • Supportive care. This treatment can help patients control the signs and symptoms of Mesothelioma, such as:


  1. Breathing exercises, to control breathing when the patient experiences symptoms of breathing difficulties.
  2. Body relaxation exercises, to reduce the tension of the breathing muscles, so that sufferers can breathe easier.

Mesothelioma Prevention


Mesothelioma Prevention

The primary precaution for Mesothelioma is in contact with anything that is asbestos use. Work and work in high-risk environments exposed to Asbes, following the safety regulations provided by the company. Among other things are:


  • Use personal protective equipment while in a asbestos affected work area.
  • Dispose of asbestos material living in a safe place and not damage the environment.
  • Do not bring home the clothes and shoes you use while you work

In addition, there are several things that can be done to reduce the risk of mesothelioma, namely:


  • Get regular medical tests to detect symptoms or signs of diseases related to asbes, such as Asbestosis.
  • Near. Smoking does not make mesothelioma directly, swallowing is a trigger factor and can improve different types of cancer, including mesothelioma.
  • Learn and follow instructions about safe ascarrier in nature. Do not move randomly used material.

Understanding About Mesothelioma

Cancer has indeed become one of disease widespread lately. Growing number of people affected by cancer, made a lot of people also want to know the different types of cancer that may threaten their health, one of them is mesothelioma.

Mesothelioma is one of the lung cancer which is quite rare, but the most dangerous and deadly that usually occur on the membrane around the lungs, called the pleura. The main cause of cancer that attacks the cells of the lungs called mesothelium this is exposure to asbestos dust.

Mesothelioma is a malignant cancer that affects the lining membrane of the aggressive lung and stomach, malignant mesothelioma or malignant mesothelioma is the most serious of all asbestos-related disease. Although rare, cancer mesothelioma is no longer considered rare. The main causes and risk factors for mesothelioma is exposure to asbestos.

Cancer is a deadly disease and very often we hear someone died of cancer. According to Wikipedia, cancer is a disease that is characterized by a typical cell cycle abnormalities that give rise to the ability of the cells to grow uncontrollably, attacked a nearby biological tissues, and also migrate to other tissues of the body through the the circulation of the blood or lymphatic system, it is called metastasis.

Nowadays there are a great many types of cancer that we can know, and this time Makintau will discuss about mesothelioma. Mesothelioma is a type of cancer of the many types of cancer.

Mesothelioma is a malignant cancer that is very rare and only suffered by certain people. This cancer develops in the cells of meshothelium, while meshothelium it is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities for example just like chest cavity, abdominal cavity, SAC of the heart. Malignant disease is most commonly found in workers who often inhaling substances contained in asbestos.

Mesothelioma or asbestos cancer is commonly called, is a very aggressive cancer and deadly. This rare cancer occurs on a thin layer of tissue that covers most of the internal organs (mesothelium). There are many variety of disease mesothelioma, but the most common type is pleural mesothelioma.  Here's what to look out for construction workers as well as workers in the mining sector.

Mesothelioma is a cancer that forms in the lining of some organs of the body wrapping. It is generally found in the pleura (lungs), peritoneum (abdominal), and heart. Mesothelioma is an aggressive type of cancer include, however are rarely found.

Exposure to asbestos dust is often associated with this type of cancer on this one. Asbestos can be shaped roof boards, minerals, fibers, and a variety of processed asbestos can cause dust inhaled by humans could be next along with air. This is a lot going on in the environment industry, construction, and carpentry.

Disease Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that attacks the lining of the aggressive membrane lung and stomach.

Malignant mesothelioma is the most serious disease of all asbestos-related disease. Although still rare, but cancer mesothelioma is now no longer considered rare. The main causes and risk factors of mesothelioma is exposure to asbestos.

It is very difficult for doctors to make the diagnosis of mesothelioma is precisely because these diseases often show up with symptoms that resemble the other common diseases. There is no medication that we know to mesothelioma, but treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy have helped improve the prognosis of mesothelioma.

Asbestos can be shaped roof boards, minerals, fibers and a wide range of processed products asbestos can cause dust and is inhaled along with air. This usually happens in the environment industry, construction sites, carpentry and building material stores. When asbestos dust and fibers are inhaled into the lungs, then the dust will stop in the lungs.

If things continue like inhaling asbestos dust, then the dust will gather and settles in the lungs. This became the cause of cancer and the risk will increase if you are a smoker or have a family history of cancer.

Cancer will be very deadly because the average survival time for malignant mesothelioma mesothelioma or cancer ranged from 4 to 18 months, and about 10 percent of patients live at least five years after being diagnosed.

Mesothelioma

- Pleural mesothelioma (lung membranes)
This type is the most common of all mesothelioma. Usually caused by dust inhalation of asbestos fibers often, which is then trapped in the pleura and cause scarring and inflammation.

- Peritoneal mesothelioma (abdominal cavity membranes)
The most common type of latter flourished in the peritoneum, namely the tissues that line the stomach. As with pleural mesothelioma, the cause is dust and asbestos fibers that either ingested or find their way into the digestive tract so that it settles and develop in the abdominal cavity membranes.
Pericardial mesothelioma (SAC surrounding the heart)

- Mesothelioma was ranked the third most frequently attacking the tissues that line the heart. Asbestos also causes cancer, and it evolved from abnormal cells that are already growing on the pleura. Somehow the process of asbestos dust, but it could break through into the pericardium and the heart develops in the membrane.

- Mesothelioma of the testes tunika vaginalis (internal layer of the male sex organs) and Mesothelioma tunika serosa uteri (the internal membranes of the female sex organs)
Both types of mesothelioma it is the most rare. Although uncertain of how exactly the asbestos dust can settle and attack the dna man woman sex organs, but some cases do show that asbestos dust became its main cause.

Mesothelioma Attorney Lawyer


"Company business Mesothelioma "-there is no problem as the company's business as a result of Carcinoma of the law firm will handle the cases, but it is best to decide business enterprises or partners WHO have degreeprofessional the expertise to handle the case of carcinoma. they need to do the footwork and obtain data and knowledge with carcinoma. However, do not compromise the company's other businesses. A case of carcinoma as each case is an alternative that requires responsibility and discipline a lawyer to win your case. A business company with a very reasonable names can also handle cases of Carcinoma of you if not higher.

Find lawyer carcinoma – you'll start your search on the web or in the phone book. However, the Association of the bar of the country originals, and the Martindale-Hubbell Law Directory (found in most public libraries) can offer a sleek search and help you realize Your faster carcinoma lawyers abound. Martindale-Hubbell Law Network contains enough information about a thousand thousand attorneys and law firms in one hundred and sixty countries. This service evaluates lawyers supported peer review. Their website, Martindale.com contains a locater service to help attorneys and can justify the classification system.


What is the role of the Mesothelioma Law Firm?

Mesothelioma Law Firm is a legal aid firms that specialize for handling cases related to Mesothelioma and other diseases caused by asbestos or asbestos. Because this type of lawsuit is very complicated and requires a deep understanding about exposure to asbestos and disease, it is not advisable to submit the cases to lawyers handling of public legal aid firms.

The lawyer of Mesothelioma Law Firm has had knowledge and experience regarding the federal law and the State regarding the use of asbestos and its history in the world of work. They also have a keen investigative skills and be able to dig deeper to reveal when and where the company and/or other entities expose workers to asbestos.

In addition, Mesothelioma Law Firm composed of well-educated lawyers who understand the legal process involving the courts, the proceedings, to appeal.
Law firms that joined in Mesothelioma Law Firm realized that the victims had been very suffering from medical and financial problems related to diseases that arise.


Also the emotional impact that arises on the mesothelioma sufferers and their families. This is one of the considerations of the firms Mesothelioma Law Firm to try everything possible to help victims.

Successful ligation of asbestos require an attorney who understands the many aspects of this case, of how people can be exposed to asbestos with the regulation of those countries about filing lawsuits, with the fragile nature of many clients.

Often, people who inquire about asbestos-related claims are the ones who are also coping with cancer mesothelioma and all the health problems that go along with the treatment.

Selecting an attorney to represent you in a deposition and in legal filings can be as important to the future of your family such as choosing the right doctor. If you are exposed to asbestos and you fall ill as a result, you have a right to stake a claim for compensation.


Hazards and toxicity of asbestos that is famous in 1930 's, but the company continues to use extensively through much of the 20th century. They willingly put profit ahead of the health and welfare of employees and the community. An experienced asbestos lawyer will know how they hold the company responsible. 

 This time I will discuss how to find a Mesothelioma Lawyer is best for you. Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer, but the most deadly of all. Mesothelioma victims are men and women who do not know that they had been poisoned with asbestos when they work. Manufacturers and distributors of asbestos during the decade even knew it was dangerous, but they didn't warn people of the danger. As a result, you have a right of recovery against the manufacturer, which on the other hand can help pay medical expenses and provide compensation for pain and suffering.

Although not really be able to offset the loss of health or life, mesothelioma lawyers is intended to get the compensation you deserve. If your life has been affected by mesothelioma directly or indirectly, then you probably deserve compensation. 


Mesothelioma lawsuit is a long and tedious process. So, it is very important to your case that you find an experienced mesothelioma lawyer, and as soon as you have been diagnosed with cancer. Most countries have a time limit in which you can ask Your mesothelioma lawsuit. If you miss the deadline, you may find that you are not entitled to make a claim. Previously You had to be a lawyer of mesothelioma, the better your chances for success. Here are some important guidelines in finding a good mesothelioma Attorney. 

Mesothelioma is a relatively rare form of cancer that is often incurable. Mesothelium is a thin layer that protects the vital organs. People who work in the industry which used asbestos may have an increased risk of developing cancer of the mesothelium, often affects the lungs. Inhaling asbestos fibers, especially over long periods of time, is known to be the cause of this type of cancer.

Unfortunately, workers exposed to asbestos may not notice any pain immediately because mesothelioma symptoms can take decades to manifest. While there are drugs that absolute, there are numerous treatments available that are useful are usually patients undergoing to reduce the pain and prolong life. This treatment, however, is very expensive, and health insurance is not always enough to sufficiently reduce costs. When that happens, the financial burden stacked on top of the emotional and physical suffering. With the assistance of a lawyer of mesothelioma, many mesothelioma patients filed suit asbestos to receive compensation for their diseases, which can help defray medical costs associated with it.


A lawyer mesothelioma is a requirement that is necessary when one of the asbestos lawsuit file. A lawyer mesothelioma is a practitioner of the law practice is focused on claims of asbestos cancer. There are many ways that help lawyers. However, before selecting a lawyer, a thorough investigation into his qualifications required. You will want to hire skilled lawyers with many years of experience in the field.

Mesothelioma Attorney Law Firm 2

How does one choose the lawyer You Carcinoma? The Oklahoma Bar Association has issued instructions to choose a good lawyer. They state that "choosing a lawyer can be a problem. You should choose a lawyer elected WHO will be most effective for you. Before making a call, you may want to contact some lawyer or law firm. to gather some info comparison.

When choosing a lawyer, limit reasonable consideration of the mind: space expertise, expertise and the name of the lawyer, the convenience of the location of the workplace, the quantity of cost and length of time You can also just in case it is needed. Communication skills lawyers measuring the other problems. Your talent and temperament to speak with you in your language to learn and pay attention to your question can have an effect on how well you tell you about the progress of your case.

Dikonseling that you simply choose the lawyer with whom you feel comfortable. This preference will guide you in choosing someone who is most comfortable for you. 

Every law firm engaged in Mesothelioma Law Firm, may have cost estimates and a different payment option. However, firms Mesothelioma Law Firm realized that the victims had already taken many financial burden due to their disease, even to simply pay a fee in advance to a representative may already be difficult.

To that end, many of the firm's Mesothelioma Law Firm that implemented a contingency fee basis. This means that in the firm will be paid only when the victim won a lawsuit. If the law firm did not win the lawsuit then nothing needs to be paid to them. This also is a special sign made on a victim, which when firms Mesothelioma law Firm accepts the case, means there is a good chance to win the case.

When a case is successfully won, then a Mesothelioma law firms Law Firm are entitled to a number of payments from the clients (victims). The number is the percent of the amount of compensation was won. This percentage varies depending on quantity at each firm. This is also the one thing that is important to know the victims as those who perform demands, so there is no confusion in the future.

For decades, mesothelioma, threatening diseases that can affect the lungs, stomach, and some of the other major organs, have been associated with prolonged exposure to asbestos, so that many people who are looking for a law firm that specializing in mesothelioma to help them cover the extraordinary costs associated with the disease. Typically, victims of mesothelioma were exposed to asbestos while working at the job sites that use materials containing asbestos (ACMs). In many cases, the manufacturers of asbestos and ACMs knew about the dangers and risks of asbestos hidden, but failed to inform the public, as asbestos is a mineral that is highly profitable. Because the hinderance of information, workers who developed health problems from exposure to asbestos may be eligible for financial compensation to cover costs such as lost wages, medical bills, emotional suffering, physical pain, and many more.

law firms that specialize in mesothelioma is different from other types of law firms. While other companies may specialize in fields such as car accident or abuse nursing homes, mesothelioma law firms focus primarily on mesothelioma and asbestos-related diseases among others. It is not recommended to retain legal representation of general practice law firm or even a personal injury firm who specialise in a wide range of cases of injury. You will need a special lawyer specializing in cases of mesothelioma, such as types of lawsuits is very complicated and requires a broad, deep understanding of asbestos exposure and disease.

 "Law firm mesothelioma "-there is no such thing as a law firm mesothelioma law firm because one can handle a variety of cases, but it's best to choose a law firm or an attorney who has experience handling cases Mesothelioma. They have done the work away and gain knowledge and experience with mesothelioma. However, it did not ignore any other law firm. Mesothelioma case is like another case that requires the responsibility and discipline of attorneys to win your case. Law firm with an excellent reputation can also handle Your mesothelioma case if not better. 

Looking for mesothelioma lawyers – you can start your search on the Internet or in the yellow pages. However, the local or state bar association, and the Martindale-Hubbell Law Directory (found in most public libraries) will give You Search narrower and help you find a mesothelioma lawyer You much faster. Martindale-Hubbell legal network has a database of over a million lawyers and law firms in 160 countries. This service evaluates attorneys based on peer reviews. Their website, Martindale. com has a service locator helps lawyers and will explain the rating system. 

A mesothelioma lawyer believed to be able to handle the whole legal procedure, allows patients and their families to focus the energy they receive medical care and get healthy. A good lawyer is essential to support patients and their family members, to help them understand all the complicated legal procedure by answering the questions that arise.

A mesothelioma attorney will conduct a thorough investigation to gather information from the patient's employer. This will likely include interviews with colleagues of the patient regarding the State of the working environment. After collecting all the relevant information, lawyers will build the company's case on behalf of the patient and try one case or settle out of court.

How do you choose Your mesothelioma lawyer-Oklahoma Bar Association has issued guidelines that are very good about choosing a lawyer. They state that's "choosing a lawyer is a private matter. You must assess a particular lawyer will be best for you. Before making a decision, however, you may want to contact some lawyer or law firm to collect some information comparison. 

When choosing a lawyer, keep in mind the practical considerations: lawyer area of expertise, experience and reputation, the convenience of office location, total cost and length of time in such cases may be necessary. Communication skills of lawyers is another factor. Willingness and ability to talk to you in a language you understand and are responsive to your questions will affect how well tell you about the developments in your case. 

It is recommended that you choose a lawyer with whom you feel comfortable. This preference can guide you in choosing someone with whom you feel most comfortable. 

There is a statute of limitations for asbestos lawsuits. If you have been diagnosed with mesothelioma and believe you are exposed to asbestos, contact a mesothelioma lawyer, as in www.mesotheliomanews. com, to discuss Your potential asbestos cancer cases. 

It is very important that you trust your lawyer hires--and that you believe he will do the best job possible to protect your legal rights. But keep in mind that most lawsuits and other legal work  "sure thing." you have to be careful from an attorney that guarantee results. Lawyers cannot be expected to win every case, and sometimes the best legal advice may not be exactly what you want to hear. "the process of selecting the right mesothelioma lawyer Filing a mesothelioma lawsuit right and You can make all the difference between a multi-million dollar compensation claim for securing the future of your family (once and if you lost), and getting nothing at all for the pain, suffering and loss of life. 

Disclaimer: the author and the Publisher of the article has done its best to provide useful information, informative and accurate. This article does not represent or replace legal advice you need to get from an attorney, or other professional if the content of the article involves a problem that you face. Laws vary from State to State and change from time to time. Always consult a qualified professional before making a decision about the issues that are described in this article. Thank you.

Dental Asbestos

dental asbestos
Bacterial infections that cause dental abscess generally occur in people with poor dental hygiene and poor health. Pus that accumulate in the lump will feel more painful over time.
This disease can be prevented by brushing your teeth regularly or by using toothpaste. To prevent tooth decay and abscess, see a dentist regularly.

There are several types of dental abscess. Here are the three most common types of dental abscess:


  • An abscess of the belly, which is an abscess that appears at the tip of the root.
  • A root abscess is an abscess that appears in the gums next to the root of the tooth and spreads to surrounding tissues and bones.
  • An abscess that appears in the gums.

Symptoms of dental abscess

The main symptom of an abscess of a tooth is the sudden appearance of pain that can worsen the teeth and gums. Some other symptoms that people with dental abscess can experience include:


  • Fever.
  • swollen gums.
  • Pain during chewing and chewing.
  • Toothache spreading over the ears, jaws and neck.
  • The color of the teeth changes.
  • Sensitivity to hot or cold foods.
  • smelly breath.
  • Redness and swelling of the face.
  • Swelling of the lymph nodes under the neck and jaw.
  • It's hard to breathe in.

When you see a dentist

If symptoms appear to prevent the worsening of the tooth abscess, an immediate examination should be performed. An abscess of teeth can cause dangerous complications, infections that spread deeply into the jaw, head, and neck.

If the swelling of the lymph nodes that cause swelling of the gums or the swelling of the lymph nodes that causes the lymph nodes to cause shortness of breath, cause symptoms of a tooth abscess, immediately go to the emergency room at the nearest hospital.

Dental and oral health tests should be performed regularly to the dentist. This is done not only to maintain oral health, but also to prevent or detect the disease from an early stage. Therefore, ask the dentist to meet you once every six months.

Causes and risk factors of abscess teeth

When bacteria occur in the oral cavity, an abscess of teeth occurs. Bacteria enter the teeth through holes and cracks in the patient's teeth that cause swelling and inflammation at the tip of the root.

This bacterial infection makes it easier for people with the following conditions:


  • Dirty teeth

If you do not properly care for your teeth and gums, you will increase the risk of dental and mouth diseases, including tooth abscess.

  • High-sugar foods

Frequent intake of sweet foods and drinks can cause tooth decay and develop into an abscess of teeth.

  • Dry mouth

Dry mouth can also interfere with dental health and cause tooth infections and abscess.

Dental abscess diagnosis

In the first test, the dentist asks about complaints and symptoms experienced by the patient. The doctor also performs physical examinations such as teeth and the entire oral cavity.

During a physical examination, the doctor taps the patient's teeth to see if the tooth is more sensitive to touch and pressure. Usually people with tooth abscess become more sensitive.

The doctor performs the following support tests:


  • X-ray

Dental X-rays are made to determine the extent of infection and whether it is spread across other areas.

  • CT scan

CT scans are performed when the infection spreads further further away to other areas, such as the neck area.

Treatment and Complications of Toothache

To get rid of infections and pus, the dentist recommends the following actions:


  • Release of pus

The doctor makes a small incision into the mass of the abscess and drains the pus. Drying the pus and washing the teeth with salt water is expected to reduce swelling.

  • Antibiotic administration

Antibiotics are not always necessary when the drain tube of pus is removed. When the infection spreads, new antibiotics are given.

  • Root canal treatment

Root canal care can help eliminate infections. The doctor drills down the teeth to remove the soft tissue that became the center of the infection and drain the pus. Hollow teeth are attached to the crown of the teeth.

  • Extract

If the tooth with the abscess cannot be saved, the doctor will remove the tooth. Then the pus dries to get rid of the infection.
While in the healing phase, it is recommended that the patient receive treatment at home to relieve pain by taking painkillers with salt water rinse.

Dental complications

Patients with untreated dental abscess are at risk of several complications, such as:

  • Dental cysts.
  • Sinusitis.
  • Osmieric or bone infection.
  • Narrow-endant angina or a rare bacterial infection at the bottom of the mouth.
  • Fatal immune system responses due to sepsis and infections spread throughout the body.

Preventing a dental abscess
The most important way to prevent a dental abscess is to prevent tooth decay. Some of the steps you can take are:
  • Brush your teeth twice daily with a fluoride toothpaste.
  • Use dental floss or dental floss to brush between your teeth every day.
  • Change your toothbrush regularly every 3 months.
  • Avoid using mouthwash after brushing as it negates the benefits of toothpaste.
  • Limit eating and drinking foods high in sugar and flour, especially between meals or before bed.
  • Check your dental health regularly to a dentist every 6-12 months.

Mesothelioma Law Firm Update


The Horrendous world of cancer, Mesothelioma
All types of cancer sounds really terrible, making the sufferer loses the zest for life. Recently, this disease is very popular, and a growing number of people affected by cancer, more and more people also want to know the different types of cancer that may be threatening them. One of them is a very deadly cancer and sebanarnya are rare, Mesothelioma. 

Mesothelioma is one of the cancer that attacks the lungs. usually occurs on the membrane in the vicinity. This is called pleural membranes. Exposure to dust from asbestos is the cause of a disease which is very feared all these people. 

Asbestos can be shaped roof boards, minerals, fibers and a variety of processed asbestos products that could give rise to dust. The dust is then inhaled when people inhale the air. This condition usually occurs in the environment industry, construction sites, carpentry and building material stores. When asbestos dust and fibers are inhaled into the lungs, then the dust settles in the lungs

Mesothelioma is a very deadly disease, he was one of the lung cancer which is quite rare, but yet the most dangerous and deadly that usually occur on the membrane around the lungs, called the pleura. The main cause of cancer that attacks the cells of the lungs called mesothelium this is exposure to asbestos dust.

Asbestos can be shaped roof boards, minerals, fibers and a wide range of processed products asbestos can cause dust and is inhaled along with air. This usually happens in the environment industry, construction sites, carpentry and building material stores. When asbestos dust and fibers are inhaled into the lungs, then the dust will stop in the lungs.

If things continue like inhaling asbestos dust, then the dust will gather and settles in the lungs. This became the cause of cancer and the risk will increase if you are a smoker or have a family history of cancer.

Mesothelioma Law Firm is a legal aid firms in the United States that specializes to handle cases related to Mesothelioma and other diseases caused by asbestos or asbestos.

Asbestos or asbestos often we meet in everyday life, in the form of the roof of the building. Asbestos or asbestos is mine-shaped fiber that its content consists of magnesium, calcium and silicat.

Asbestos or asbestos has been known since 4000 years ago, the current manufacturer of asbestos or asbestos world 50% controlled by Russia. The advantages of asbestos or asbestos as material for building or home is strong, more fireproof and other chemical substances, and the price is more affordable.

 The workers affected by Mesothelioma from asbestos exposure now have new hope. Mesothelioma Victims Center Braga (Mesothelioma Victims Center) specializes in providing one of the best services to construction workers, electrical technicians, welders, plumbers, and new technicians who recently was diagnosed with Mesothelioma. Included in this service, they offer instant access to some of the most capable and mesothelioma lawyers skilled in these countries to ensure their clients receive the best financial compensation for exposure to asbestos cancer.

If this happens on an ongoing basis, then the dust will gather and settles in the lungs more. This became the cause of cancer and the risk will increase if pendrita is active smokers or have a family history with cancer patients.

The average survival time of cancer patients of mesothelioma or malignant mesothelioma have ranged from 4 to 18 months, and about 10 percent of patients live at least five years after being diagnosed. I was so bahanya, even specific types of cancer has its own law firm or often called Mesothelioma low firm.

Cancer will be very deadly because the average survival time for malignant mesothelioma mesothelioma or cancer ranged from 4 to 18 months, and about 10 percent of patients live at least five years after being diagnosed.

Symptoms of mesothelioma occurs at the clinic are:
• Dyspnea and pain nonpleuritic chest wall is the most common symptom occurs in malignant mesothelioma, (Approximately 60-90% of patients experience symptoms of chest pain or dyspnea.)
• In patients with a malignant mesothelioma, pleural effusion physical findings are usually known with percussion and auscultation.
• In rare cases, malignant mesothelioma manifests as cord compression, brachial plexopathy, Horner's syndrome, or superior vena cava syndrome. Death is usually caused by infection or respiratory failure from the development of mesothelioma.
• The main Areas that often occurs in the pleura (87%), peritoneum (5.1%), and pericardium (0.4%).

However, in addition to the excellence and economic value has turned out the asbestos or asbestos has hidden threats against health. Damage to this material can be meyebabkan fiber (dust) asbestos or asbestos regardless to the air.

Asbestos fiber (dust) this would be very dangerous when inhaled by humans, let alone when it is already experiencing a buildup in the lungs or stomach. So it will be very dangerous if the exposure mengalamai fiber (dust) asbestos or asbestos in a prolonged period of time.

This buildup can cause cancer or Mesothelioma asbestos disease, which attacked part of the mesothelium. Mesothelium is a protective layer that surrounds the part of the stomach, lung, breast, and other body internal organs. Asbestos dust can damage the DNA of the mesothelium which causes disruption to the growth of the cell.

In the United States, in many cases, asbestos or asbestos factory actually knowing the dangers and risks of asbestos hidden, but they hide it from the public due to economical reasons. By reason of the company is not transparent and hide this information is so that workers who suffered health problems as a result of exposure to asbestos or asbestos in the region may be eligible for financial compensation.

Mesothelioma Victims Center has practical experience in providing one of the best country's administration for the construction workers, circuit testers, welders, fitters, and mechanical engineer who has been determined to have Mesothelioma.

There are several symptoms of mesothelioma at clinics, namely:
Dyspnea and pain nonpleuritic chest wall is the most common symptom occurs in malignant mesothelioma, (Approximately 60-90% of patients experience symptoms of chest pain or dyspnea.)

In patients with a malignant mesothelioma, pleural effusion physical findings are usually known with percussion and auscultation.

In rare cases, malignant mesothelioma manifests as cord compression, brachial plexopathy, Horner's syndrome, or superior vena cava syndrome. Death is usually caused by infection or respiratory failure from the development of mesothelioma.
The main areas which often occurs in the pleura (87%), peritoneum (5.1%), and pericardium (0.4%).

Over the past few decades, Mesothelioma Law Office into a place to get justice because of their high costs in treating this disease. Usually, mesothelioma victims exposed to asbestos while working at the workplace which use materials containing asbestos (ACM). In many cases, the manufacturers of asbestos and ACM know the hidden dangers and risks of asbestos, but failed to inform the public, because asbestos is a mineral that is highly profitable. Because of the obstacles of information, workers who developed health problems due to exposure to asbestos may be entitled to financial compensation to cover costs such as lost wages, medical bills, emotional suffering, physical pain, and more.

Financial compensation is intended to cover expenses such as lost wages, medical bills, emotional suffering, physical pain, and more. Today, in the United States, there are more than $30 billion asbestos trust fund, which is reserved for those who have been diagnosed with asbestos-related diseases. Law firms engaged in Mesothelioma Law Firm can help you, the victims of Mesothelioma disease, to get your rights.

Breast Abscess


Breast abscess or breast abscess is a lump in the breast that is filled with pus. Breast abscess is usually caused by an infection. This disease is often experienced by breastfeeding mothers.

If you have breast abscess, breastfeeding mothers should be treated immediately. But do not worry, breast abscess sufferers can still breastfeed their children with uninfected breasts.

Causes of Breast Abscess

Inflammation of the breast tissue (mastitis) which is not treated immediately or is caused by a blockage in the breast gland, is a major cause of the accumulation of pus (abscess) in the breast.

Breast infections can occur for a number of reasons. One of them is the entry of bacteria from the baby's mouth into the milk ducts through cracks in the nipple. Although more common in breastfeeding mothers, non-breastfeeding women and a small number of men can also develop breast abscesses.

There are several factors that increase a person's risk of breast abscess, including:


  • Has a nipple piercing
  • Have a smoking habit
  • Having diabetes
  • Suffering from HIV / AIDS
  • Has undergone breast surgery in the last 2 months
  • Ever had a breast infection
  • Senior citizen

Signs and Symptoms of Breast Abscess

The breast abscess is shaped like a lump under the skin, which when touched feels soft and can be moved. However, this lump cannot be felt if the abscess grows deeper in the breast. Breast abscesses also usually appear along with boils on the breast.

The symptoms experienced by people with breast abscess can vary depending on the severity. If you have a breast abscess, a person may experience symptoms such as:


  • Breasts look red, swollen, and felt
  • When touched, there are lumps that do not disappear after breastfeeding.
  • Pussy comes out of the nipple.
  • Breast pain continues to interfere with activity.
  • Breast pain prevents a mother from breastfeeding her child.
  • Fever for more than 3 days and does not improve even after treatment.

When to see a doctor

Breast abscesses form due to untreated mastitis. Therefore, breastfeeding mothers should be vigilant and immediately see a doctor if they feel lumps in the breast, breast pain, swelling, and redness.

A woman is also advised to do a breast self-examination (BSE) every 7 days after menstruation. This is to find out the abnormalities in the breast in advance.

Regular breast examinations should also be done clinically by a doctor. This examination is called SADANIS. A woman is recommended to do SADANIS regularly starting at the age of 20, every 1-3 years. After the age of 40, SADANIS should be done periodically at least once a year.

BSE and SADANIS are performed as a form of anticipation and early screening of breast disease, especially if there is a family history of breast cancer.

Breast Abscess Diagnosis

To diagnose breast abscess, the doctor will perform a physical examination of the patient's breast. Then the doctor will ask the patient to undergo a breast ultrasound (breast ultrasound).

Ultrasound is used to examine the depth and location of infection in the breast, and to determine if the lump is mastitis, breast abscess, or tumor.

The doctor will also take a sample of breast milk or pus from the abscess using an injection, for examination in the laboratory. From this examination, the doctor can determine the cause of the infection and determine the exact type of treatment.

In addition to ultrasound, imaging can also be done with mammograms and breast biopsies. This can only be done if the sufferer of mastitis is a non-breastfeeding woman. This test is done to ensure that the symptoms experienced by the sufferer are not symptoms of cancer.

How to Treat Breast Abscess

To treat breast abscesses in breastfeeding mothers, doctors will prescribe antibiotics, such as cephalexin. Breastfeeding mothers can continue to breastfeed their children despite using the medicine. Cephalexin is taken for 10-14 days at a dose of 500 mg, every 6 hours.

Breast abscess can also occur in women who do not breastfeed. To overcome this, the doctor may prescribe one of the following medications:


  • Clindamycin 300 mg, taken every 6 hours.
  • Amoxicillin / clavulanate 500 mg, orally 3 times a day.

In addition to treatment with antibiotics, there are other procedures that can be done to treat breast abscess, namely:


  • Remove the pus with a syringe.
  • Drain the pus out with the help of a catheter.
  • Overcome breast abscess with a special procedure called vacuum-assisted biopsy.

Meanwhile, pain due to breast abscess is usually relieved by taking paracetamol and compressing the breast with a towel soaked in warm water or ice water.

In curing breast abscess, breastfed patients should continue to remove milk every 2 hours from the affected breast. This is done to prevent further infection. However, the child should not breastfeed from the affected breast because of the risk of infection.

In addition, people with breast abscess also need to rest adequately, eat nutritious food, drink more water, and manage stress well. These things are done to speed up the healing of breast abscesses.

Complications of Breast Abscess

There are several complications that can occur as a result of breast abscess, including:


  • Recurrent breast infections.
  • Appearance of scars or scar tissue.
  • Breast size decreases until it looks unbalanced.
  • Prolonged (chronic) breast abscess.
  • Spread of infection to other areas of the body.
  • The appearance of abnormal ducts in the breast.
  • Lymphatic tract disorders that cause swelling of the arms (lymphedema)

Breast Abscess Prevention

Mastitis is one of the causes of breast abscess. There are several things breastfeeding mothers can do to prevent mastitis, including:


  • Always wash your hands before breastfeeding, to avoid the possibility of spreading bacteria.
  • Place the child in the correct position, and make sure the nipple and the surrounding brown area (areola) are perfectly attached to the child's mouth.
  • Breastfeed alternately with both breasts and do not use the same breastfeeding position continuously.
  • Breastfeed regularly. Avoid long breaks between breastfeeding.
  • Wear appropriate bras and do not wear tight clothing.
  • Do not use topical creams and medications on nipples.
  • Do not use nipple wraps for long periods of time.
  • Drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration.

Also, do BSE and SADANIS regularly to detect any abnormalities in your breasts earlier.

Brain Abscess


Brain abscess or cerebral abscess is the accumulation of pus due to infection in the brain. This condition can cause swelling of the brain. Brain abscesses often occur due to bacterial or fungal infections in the brain due to head injuries or infections of other body tissues that spread to the brain.

Brain abscesses are often characterized by severe headaches, fever, seizures, and even impaired consciousness. This condition is very dangerous and requires immediate and careful treatment.

Brain abscess

The main cause of brain abscess is a bacterial infection or stick to the brain tissue. These bacterial or toadic infections may come from direct infections in the brain, head injuries, including surgical procedures on the brain, and transmission of the infection to other organs through the blood.

The most common types of bacteria that cause pus to form in the brain come from the Bacteriodes, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, or Enterobacter groups. Meanwhile, another type of pathogen that most often causes brain abscess is Aspergilus fungus or Toxoplasma gondii parasite.

There are several conditions that can increase the risk of brain abscess, namely:


  • Have a weakened immune system, for example because they have HIV / AIDS, cancer, or use immunosuppressant drugs
  • Have a middle ear infection (otitis media), ear bone infection (mastoiditis), sinusitis, dental abscess, or meningitis
  • Ever had a head injury, a skull fracture, or had undergone head surgery
  • Have a lung infection, endocarditis, an infection of the abdominal cavity, a pelvic infection, or a skin infection
  • Have congenital heart disease (CBC) or abnormalities in pulmonary blood vessels or pulmonary arteriovenous fistula

Symptoms of Brain Abscess

Symptoms of brain abscess can vary depending on the size and location of the abscess. Emerging symptoms can develop slowly or rapidly.

Here are some symptoms of brain abscess:


  • Persistent headache
  • Fever
  • Vomiting
  • Seizures
  • The neck feels stiff
  • Disorders of nerve function, such as muscle weakness, paralysis, and blurred speech
  • Behavioral changes, such as anxiety or confusion
  • Vision problems, such as double vision, blurred, or blurred vision

When seeing a doctor

See a doctor right away if you experience any of the above symptoms, especially if you have a headache due to fever, thrush, and impaired nerve function. Brain abscesses must be treated promptly and accurately to avoid life-threatening complications.

If you have a disease that can increase your risk of developing a brain abscess, such as sinusitis, meningitis, otititis media, and heart infection, follow the doctor's prescription to resolve it.

Diagnosis of Brain Abscess

To diagnose a brain abscess, the doctor will ask questions about the patient's complaints, symptoms, and history of medications and medications. Then, the doctor will perform a thorough physical examination, including a neurological (neurological) examination.

The doctor will also take precautions to confirm the diagnosis and determine the cause of the brain abscess. Several support checks will be performed, such as:


  • Blood test, to check for signs of rupture of blood cells and their level
  • Implications, such as X-rays, CT-induced, or MRI, to determine the location and size of brain abscesses
  • Lumbar puncture, to identify pathogens, including the type of bacteria that cause brain abscesses
  • Biopsy, to identify changes in cells and tissues in the brain, and to identify pathogens that cause brain abscesses
  • Examination of blood culture, to find bacteria or feces that cause brain abscess
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG), to determine electrical activity in the brain, especially in patients with recurrent brain abscesses

If the brain abscess has spread from infection to other parts of the body, such as the respiratory tract, then sputum culture tests can be performed to determine the type of bacteria or germs that have infected the lungs.

Brain Abscess Treatment

Brain abscess is a condition that needs to be treated as soon as possible. Treatment for brain abscess will depend on the size, number, and type of bacteria or pathogenic bacteria that cause the abscess in the brain.

In addition, treatment of brain abscesses is also done to eliminate complaints and symptoms as well as prevent complications. Some treatment options that your doctor will use to treat brain abscess are:

Drugs

Medication is given to treat infections that cause brain abscesses and reduce the complaints and symptoms experienced by patients. Some types of medicine that will be given by the doctor are:


  • Antibiotics or antifungal drugs, to treat infections that cause brain abscess, including to treat brain abscesses caused by toxoplasmosis
  • Diuretics and steroids, to reduce stress and intracranial swelling in the brain
  • Anti-seizure medication, to treat seizures that may occur in the brain abscess

Operation


Surgery will be performed if the abscess is larger than 2 cm or if the abscess is at risk of rupture and damage to the surrounding brain tissue. The operation is performed by removing the abscess.

There are 2 types of surgery that can be done to treat brain abscess, namely:


  • Simple aspiration

Simple aspiration is done to remove the accumulated pus. This procedure is usually performed with the help of CT induction (stereotactic aspiration) to confirm the abscess point.

  • Craniotomy

A craniotomy procedure is performed to remove an abscess from brain tissue. In this procedure, the doctor will remove a small part of the skull bone (flap) so that it can access the infected brain tissue. Followed by the process of abscess removal.
After surgery, the patient will be hospitalized for some time until his condition can be monitored continuously.

Complications of Brain Abscess

Brain abscesses can potentially cause a number of complications, including:


  • The abscess has recurred
  • Damage to brain tissue
  • Epilepsy
  • Meningitis
  • Sinusitis
  • Mastoiditis or bone infection in the back of the ear

Prevention of Brain Abscesses

The way to prevent brain abscess is to avoid conditions that can cause brain abscess. Some ways that can be done are:


  • Carry out screening and treatment to completion if you have an infectious disease
  • Maintain the health and hygiene of teeth and mouth, including regularly seeing a dentist
  • Use safety equipment, such as helmets or head protectors, when working in an environment where there is a risk of head injury
  • Live a healthy lifestyle, such as quitting smoking, eating healthy foods, and exercising regularly
  • Do not take medication arbitrarily


Anal Abscess


An anal abscess is a pus-filled lump in the anus. An anal abscess causes pain, especially when sitting or passing stools.

Anal abscesses are generally characterized by small red lumps in the anal canal. In some cases, an abscess can also appear in the rectum (the end of the large intestine that connects to the anus).

If not treated promptly, an anal abscess can lead to the formation of an abnormal tube in the anus (anal fistula). This condition will make the pain worse and even cause difficulty controlling bowel movements.

Symptoms of anal abscess

A common symptom of an anal abscess is severe pain in the anus or rectum. This pain is constant and gets worse when you sit down, cough, and have a bowel movement.

Other symptoms that appear due to an anal abscess are:


  • Constipation
  • Fever and chills
  • The body gets tired easily
  • Difficulty urinating
  • Irritation, swelling, and redness around the anus
  • Pus or blood coming out of the rectum

When to see a doctor

Consult your doctor if the above symptoms appear. An anal abscess that is left untreated can develop into an anal fistula, which is an abnormal tube that forms in the rectum. Anal fistula needs to be treated surgically and usually takes a long time to heal.

Go to the emergency room right away if you have a high temperature accompanied by vomiting, chills, difficulty defecating, and unbearable pain around the anus. These symptoms could indicate an infection that has spread to the bloodstream. If not treated quickly, those affected could suffer sepsis and die.

Causes of anal abscess

An anal abscess occurs when the glands around the anus are infected with bacteria. As a result, these glands swell and fill with pus. When the gland bursts, a collection of pus will come out and appear.

Causes of an anal abscess include:


  • Blockage of glands in the anus
  • Anal fissure (an ulcer or tear in the anus) that contains an infection in the anal canal
  • Sexually transmitted diseases
  • Injury to the anus

Risk factors for anal abscess

Anus abscess can happen to anyone, but they are more at risk of attacking someone with the following factors:


  • Suffering from inflammation of the intestine (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease).
  • He suffers from pelvic inflammation, diabetes, diverticulitis, diarrhea or constipation
  • Having a weak immune system, for example due to HIV / AIDS
  • Take corticosteroid medications or chemotherapy
  • Have anal sex (especially recipients)

Diagnosing an anal abscess

The doctor will ask about the patient's symptoms and perform a physical examination of the rectal area. Through a physical examination, the doctor can tell whether a lump in the patient's rectum is an abscess or a hemorrhoid.

The doctor will also perform tests to determine the cause of the abscess that has formed in the anus. The examination includes:


  • A blood test to screen for diabetes, colitis, or HIV / AIDS
  • An endoscopy or colonoscopy, to see the condition of the anal canal and rectum.
  • Ultrasound scan, CT scan, or MRI scan, to discover the location of the abscess deeper and not visible on a physical examination.

Anal abscess treatment

Anal abscess is treated with surgery. The type of surgery performed depends on the location of the abscess. If the abscess is located in an area that is not very deep, the doctor can simply perform a minor surgery and the patient is usually allowed to go home after the condition has recovered. However, if the abscess is deeper, the patient must be hospitalized.

Anal abscess surgery is performed by making an incision in the abscess and draining pus from the rectum. After surgery, the doctor will prescribe antibiotics to treat the infection and pain relievers, such as paracetamol. Patients are also advised to soak the anus in a warm water or sitz bath.

To aid the healing process, patients can eat soft, high-fiber foods and drink plenty of water. Patients can also use stool softeners to reduce pain during bowel movements.

Anal abscess complications

If not routinely treated or examined after anal abscess surgery, it can cause a number of complications below:


  • I suffered fistula
  • Constant pain in the area of ​​the abscess
  • The cysts appear again after surgery
  • Inability to control bowel movements (faecal incontinence)
  • Infection that spreads into the bloodstream (sepsis)

Anal abscess prevention


There are several methods you can do to prevent an anal abscess, including:

One way to prevent an STD is to use a condom or treat it right away if you have the disease.
Treating diseases that can increase the risk of developing an anal abscess, such as diabetes and colitis.
Avoid having anal sex.
Maintains genital and rectal cleanliness.
Change baby diapers regularly.

Mesothelioma Diagnosis


Mesothelioma Diagnosis

The doctor will suspect that the patient has mesothelioma, if there are symptoms, which can be confirmed by a physical examination. But, to make sure, imaging tests need to be done. Among others are:


  • X-rays, to detect any abnormalities, such as thickening of the lung lining, fluid in the pleural cavity, or changes in the shape of the lungs.
  • CT scans, to examine the chest and abdomen, as well as to detect symptoms of cancer, determine the location of the cancer, and check whether the cancer has spread to other organs.
  • PET (tomography of positron release). The examination uses compounds that contain radioactive atoms injected into the body to obtain a detailed picture of the tissues suspected of having cancer cells.
  • MRI, to get a more detailed picture of the tissue to determine the location of the tumor.
In addition, the doctor may also recommend further tests in the form of:
  • Liquid sample inspection. If the patient has fluid buildup in the body associated with mesothelioma, the doctor will take a sample of the liquid using a needle inserted through the skin to the area where the liquid is located. The liquid will then be analyzed in the laboratory to detect the presence of cancer cells. There are several types of fluid and tissue sample testing, namely:
  1. Thoracentesis, taking liquid samples in the area of the pleural cavity.
  2. Paracentesis, taking the fluid in the abdominal cavity.
  3. Pericardiosentesis, taking fluid from the membrane around the heart.
  • Biopsy, which is the procedure for taking tissue samples from certain parts of the body for later analysis in the laboratory. There are several types of biopsy examination, namely:

  1. Needle biopsy. This type of biopsy uses a long needle inserted through the skin into the chest or stomach cavity to take tissue samples.
  2. Thoracoscopy, laparoscopy, and mediastinoscopy. This type of biopsy uses an elastic tube with a camera and a special surgical instrument is inserted through one or more small incisions to take tissue samples. This type of sampling procedure usually depends on the area of the body being examined, namely:

  • Thoracoscopy, to examine the space between the lungs and chest wall.
  • To examine the inner organs of the stomach.
  • Mediastinoscopy, to examine the area around the heart.

  1. Surgical biopsy. For some cases, your doctor will perform an invasive procedure to take a larger sample of tissue to make a diagnosis. Sometimes, the doctor will also perform the procedure to remove the entire tumor if possible. There are two types of surgical biopsy procedures:
  • Thoracotomy, which is a type of biopsy is done through open surgery on the chest.
  • Laparotomy, which is a type of biopsy is done through an open operation in the stomach.
  1. Bronchoscopic biopsy. The tissue removal procedure uses a thin long elastic tube inserted through the throat to inspect the airways.

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